1851 in literature
December 24 – A fire at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., destroys 35.000 books, about two–thirds of the collection. June 5 – Harriet Beecher Stowes novel Uncle Toms Cabin begins serialization in the American abolitionist weekly The Na ...
1852 in literature
The Merchant of Venice becomes the first of Shakespeares plays to be performed publicly in India in an Indian language, Gujarati, as Nathari Firangiz Thekani Avi presented by a Parsi company at Surat. Leo Tolstoys debut novel, Childhood "Детство" ...
1853 in literature
Uriah Maggs establishes what will become the antiquarian bookselling business of Maggs Bros Ltd in London. Abraham Mapus historical novel Ahavat Zion "Love of Zion", set in ancient Israel and self-published in Kaunas Lithuania, is the first narra ...
1854 in literature
December 14 – Wilkie Collinss "The Lawyers Story of a Stolen Letter", published as "The Fourth Poor Traveller" in The Seven Poor Travellers – the Household Words special Christmas number – is the first non-police detective fiction published in Br ...
1855 in literature
October – Victor Hugo moves to Hauteville House, Saint Peter Port, Guernsey, in the Channel Islands, accompanied by his mistress, Juliette Drouet. Charles Dickens publishes the first instalment of Little Dorrit, which continues to appear into 185 ...
1856 in literature
Mikhail Katkov revives the title The Russian Messenger Russian: Ру́сский ве́стник Russkiy vestnik, Pre-reform Russian: Русскій Вѣстникъ Russkiy Vestnik for an influential literary magazine published in Moscow. In its first year he publishes Mikha ...
1858 in literature
June 18 – Henrik Ibsen marries Suzannah Thoresen, in the same year that he becomes creative director of Oslos National Theater. January 3 – The English critic John Ruskin first meets at her London home 10-year-old Rose La Touche, who becomes his ...
1860 in literature
The first issue of the Cornhill Magazine appears in London. It serializes Anthony Trollopes Framley Parsonage throughout the year. Approximate date – The Catholic newspaper LUnivers is suppressed by the French government. Mrs. Henry Woods "sensat ...
1861 in literature
July 19–24 – Rev. James Long is tried in Calcutta for defamation in distributing a translation of Dinabandhu Mitras play Nil Darpan. October 20 – Poet and dramatist Apollo Korzeniowski is arrested for his political activities and placed in the in ...
1862 in literature
June 4 – Henry Morton Stanley, now a "Galvanized Yankee", joins the Union Army; he is discharged 18 days later because of illness. July 4 – Charles Dodgson better known as by his later pseudonym Lewis Carroll extemporises a story for 10-year-old ...
1864 in literature
January – Anthony Trollopes Can You Forgive Her?, the first of his Palliser novels, begins to appear in monthly parts in London. Trollope completes it on April 28 and the first volume is published as a book in September by Chapman & Hall. In Apri ...
1865 in literature
English writer Edwin Abbott becomes headmaster of the City of London School at the age of 26. November 18 – Mark Twains story "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" is published in the New York weekly The Saturday Press in its original ...
1866 in literature
Anthony Trollopes novel Nina Balatka: The Story of a Maiden of Prague is initially published anonymously serialization in Blackwoods Magazine July 1866 – January 1867. Trollope is interested in discovering whether his books sell on their own meri ...
1867 in literature
By February – The first blue plaque is erected in London by the Society of Arts on the birthplace 1788 of poet Lord Byron later demolished. The Leipzig publisher Reclam launches its Universal-Bibliothek series of cheap reprints with an edition of ...
1868 in literature
Robert Brownings narrative poem The Ring and the Book begins four-part publication by Smith, Elder & Co. in London. It is a major commercial and critical success. January 4 – August 8 Wilkie Collins epistolary novel The Moonstone: a Romance is se ...
1869 in literature
May 22 – Serial publication of Anthony Trollopes novel He Knew He Was Right concludes and it appears in London as the first book to include a fictional private investigator, ex-policeman Samuel Bozzle. It concerns a case of marital breakdown. Feb ...
1870 in literature
August 24/25 – Libraries of the University of Strasbourg and the City of Strasbourg at Temple Neuf are destroyed by fire during the Siege of Strasbourg in the Franco-Prussian War, resulting in the loss of 3.446 medieval manuscripts, including the ...
1871 in literature
Emile Zola, as a journalist for Le Semaphore de Marseille, reports the fall of the Commune, and is one of the first reporters to enter the city during Semaine sanglante Bloody Week, beginning May 21. Jules Valles publishes his newspaper Le Cri du ...
1872 in literature
The Scottish Gaelic magazine Feillire first appears as Almanac Gàilig air son 1872 in Inverness. Benito Perez Galdos begins Trafalgar, the first in the series of historical novels known as Episodios Nacionales. March – Serialization of Sheridan L ...
1875 in literature
Isaac K. Funk establishes the U.S. publisher I. K. Funk & Company, predecessor of Funk & Wagnells. February 12 – Robert Louis Stevenson is introduced by Leslie Stephen to fellow writer W. E. Henley, at the time August 1873–April 1875 a patient of ...
1876 in literature
December – The first United States edition of Mark Twains first individual extended work of fiction, the Bildungsroman The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, illustrated by True Williams, is published by the American Publishing Company. An authorised non- ...
1877 in literature
July – The ending of Leo Tolstoys Anna Karenina is published in Russkiy vestnik. February 24 – March 17 – Robert Louis Stevensons first published work of fiction, the novella "An Old Song", appears anonymously in four episodes in the magazine Lon ...
1878 in literature
Undated The Johns Hopkins University Press is established in Baltimore, Maryland, as the "University Publication Agency", making it the oldest continuously operating university press in the United States. December 30 – Henry Irvings production of ...
1879 in literature
The English critic and poet Theodore Watts-Dunton takes the alcoholic poet Algernon Charles Swinburne into permanent care at his Putney home. The Swiss publisher Birkhauser is founded in Basel. The Rabelais Club, founded in London, holds a litera ...
1880 in literature
December 15 – First performance of a play by Henrik Ibsen in English, The Pillars of Society under the title Quicksands at the Gaiety Theatre, London. Karl May begins publishing his Orient Cycle in Deutschen Hausschatz, where he also publishes De ...
1881 in literature
April – William Poels production of Shakespeares Hamlet at St. Georges Hall, London, reverts to the first quarto text and avoids elaborate scene changes. Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoys historical drama Tsar Boris Царь Борис, published 1870 rece ...
1882 in literature
Almqvist & Wiksell are established in Uppsala Sweden by purchase of an earlier printing company. June 2 – English language premiere of Ibsens play A Dolls House 1879 as The Child Wife in Milwaukee. January 2 – Oscar Wilde arrives in the United St ...
1883 in literature
June 30–October 20 – Robert Louis Stevensons novel The Black Arrow: A Tale of Tunstall Forest is serialized in the British magazine Young Folks as by "Captain George North". Stevenson completes writing it at the end of the summer in France. Kisar ...
1884 in literature
January – Arthur Conan Doyles anonymous story "J. Habakuk Jephsons Statement" appears in the Cornhill Magazine. It concerns the disappearance of the crew of the Mary Celeste in 1872. February 12 – Henry James visits the home of Alphonse Daudet an ...
1885 in literature
Daniel Owens long novel Hunangofiant Rhys Lewis, Gweinidog Bethel is published as the first written in Welsh. June 29 – Thomas Hardy moves to a house he designed for himself and built by his brother at Max Gate on the outskirts of Dorchester, Dor ...
1886 in literature
January – MLN: Modern Language Notes, an academic journal, introduces European literary criticism into American scholarship. It is founded at Johns Hopkins University. A Japanese adaptation of Shakespeares play Hamlet as Hamuretto Yamato Nishiki- ...
1887 in literature
March 30 – Theatre Libre, established by Andre Antoine to promote naturalism in theatre, gives its first performances in Paris, originally as an amateur ensemble. December 15 – The Romanian literary magazine Revista Noua is launched in Bucharest ...
1888 in literature
The English publisher Henry Vizetelly is prosecuted in London by the National Vigilance Association and fined for obscene libel for his English translation of Zolas La Terre. May 26 – In London, Punch magazine begins serialisation of George and W ...
1891 in literature
December 7 – Maurice Maeterlincks play The Blind Les aveugles is premiered. Approximate date – Edmund Clerihew Bentley, G. K. Chesterton and fellow pupils of St Pauls School, London compose the first pseudo-biographical comic verses which become ...
1892 in literature
July 15 – The Bibliographical Society is established in London. April 27 – The magazine Isis is established by students at the University of Oxford. The Irish Literary Society is founded by W. B. Yeats, T. W. Rolleston and Charles Gavan Duffy in ...
1893 in literature
April 19 – Oscar Wildes social comedy A Woman of No Importance receives its first performance at the Haymarket Theatre, London, with Herbert Beerbohm Tree, Mrs. Bernard Beere and Julia Neilson. January 14 – Kate Chopins short stories "Desirees Ba ...
1894 in literature
December February – Oscar Wildes play Salome is first published in English, with illustrations by Aubrey Beardsley. October – Lafcadio Hearn begins work as a journalist for the English-language Kobe Chronicle in Japan. April 21 – George Bernard S ...
1895 in literature
January–May – H. G. Wells first "scientific romance", the novella The Time Machine, is published serially in The New Review London. The first book editions are published by Henry Holt and Company in New York on May 7 and Heinemann in London on Ma ...
1896 in literature
Stephanus Jacobus du Toits Die Koningin van Skeba, the first Afrikaans language novel, begins serialization in Ons Klyntji. February 11 – While Oscar Wilde is in prison, his play Salome written in 1891 is premiered in its original French by Lugne ...
1897 in literature
April 13 – The Grand Guignol is opened in Paris by Oscar Metenier. April–December – H. G. Wells science fiction novel The War of the Worlds is serialized in Pearsons Magazine London. January–March – Oscar Wilde, imprisoned in Reading Gaol in Engl ...
1898 in literature
The "Generation of 98" writers and thinkers are active in Spain. May 28 – Max Beerbohm succeeds George Bernard Shaw as theater critic of The Saturday Review London; Shaw introduces him as "The Incomparable Max". Joseph Wrights English Dialect Dic ...
1899 in literature
April – Karl Kraus establishes the radical periodical Die Fackel The Torch in Vienna. September 1 – The National Theatre in Norway opens with pieces by Holberg and Bjornstjerne Bjornsons 1862 trilogy Sigurd Slembe. January 21 – The French actress ...
1900 in literature
Rainer Maria Rilke makes his second visit to Russia with Lou Andreas-Salome and her husband. The first film to feature the detective character Sherlock Holmes, Sherlock Holmes Baffled, is released by the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company. M ...
1901 in literature
December 2 – The Romanian literary review Samanatorul is founded. July 24 – O. Henry is released from prison in Columbus, Ohio after serving three years for embezzlement. May 6 – Swedish dramatist August Strindberg, 52, marries his third wife, th ...
1903 in literature
May 22 – Japanese philosophy student Misao Fujimura 藤村操, born 1886 carves a poem into a tree at Kegon Falls before committing suicide over unrequited love. December 16 – The London County Council erects a plaque to novelist Charles Dickens d. ...
1904 in literature
Mark Twain begins dictating his Autobiography. January The first issue of Suddeutsche Monatshefte is published in Munich by Paul Nikolaus Cossmann. February 25 – J. M. Synges tragedy Riders to the Sea is first performed at Molesworth Hall, Dublin ...
1905 in literature
July – Beatrix Potter becomes engaged to her editor Norman Warne, but on August 25 he dies unexpectedly of pernicious anemia. Soon after she completes the purchase of a Lake District home, Hill Top. Belle da Costa Greene, aged 22, is appointed as ...
1906 in literature
September 18 – August Strindbergs naturalist drama Miss Julie Froken Julie, written in 1888, is first performed on the Swedish professional stage, on tour in Lund, directed by August Falck, with Manda Bjorling in the title role and August Palme a ...
1907 in literature
March – The Diamond Sūtra, a woodblock printed Buddhist scripture dated AD 868, is discovered by Aurel Stein at the Mogao Caves near Dunhuang in China. It is said to be "the earliest complete survival of a dated printed book". January 26 – Many o ...
1909 in literature
April February 1 – The first issue appears of La Nouvelle Revue Française, a literary magazine founded in Paris by Andre Gide, Jacques Copeau, Jean Schlumberger, Gaston Gallimard, and others. January 15 – Filippo Tommaso Marinettis drama La donna ...
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